"There are few ideas in the world of thought which contain so much spiritual power as the idea of Sabbath."
Abraham Heschel could not have known in 1951 when he penned these words, how critical it would be for 21st century people to tap into the power of Sabbath. For it is in the Sabbath that we find the wisdom to face the most challenging question of our day, “How can human beings live as responsible and faithful people in the world without destroying it?”
First, let’s be clear, the practice or, to use a the biblical term, the “keeping” of Sabbath is not just another lifestyle option or one more thing to check off a list of the top ten things that if done will make one happy, wealthy and wise. It is an imperative rooted in the very essence of creation. The keeping of Sabbath is not anthropocentric but cosmocentric. When we forget or refuse to keep the Sabbath, not only do we suffer, the intricate tapestry of the cosmos begins to unravel as evidenced in the current environmental crisis in which we live.
Though Sabbath is particular to the Hebrew and Christian traditions, the archetypical rhythm of work and rest is so vital to humanity that it is found in virtually all religions. In order to be fully human, and for the sake of the Earth, people must find the rhythm of work and rest, creation and completion. The survival of the planet hinges on our remembering to keep the fourth commandment as a regular, public, disciplined proclamation that production and consumption is not what it means to be human.
One of the Big Ten, the fourth commandment to keep the Sabbath is the only command that is expressed differently in the two versions of the Ten Commandments found in Exodus and Deuteronomy. It is in these two accounts we find the two core reasons why Sabbath practice is so essential.
In the Exodus account (Ex. 20:8-11) the Sabbath imperative to rest is rooted in and empowered by the divine indicative of rest. The motivation to keep the Sabbath lies in the remembering of God’s self-disclosure as a God who rests. Walter Brueggemann notes, “God is not a workaholic; Yahweh has no need to be more secure, more sufficient, more in control, or more noticed. It is ordained in the very fabric of creation that the world is not a place of endless productivity, ambition, or anxiety.” When the dominant culture is built on a system of productivity and control as the way to socio-economic well being, Sabbath practice becomes a counter-cultural act that announces an alignment to a different standard, one that is attuned to the God of creation and the creation of God. When this horizontal and vertical relationship is jarred out of alignment by endless and unsustainable productivity, fueled by greed, all creation groans. It is only in the regular and rhythmic Sabbath pause which is the cessation of productivity, that an essential cosmic realignment can take place.
The fourth commandment in Deuteronomy (Deut 5:12-15) begins with the command to “keep” or “observe” whereas the Sabbath command in Exodus begins with the imperative “remember.” In Deuteronomy the motivation to keep the Sabbath lies in the Covenant. It is in the keeping of Sabbath that we remember God’s redemptive actions. This memory is a prerequisite to our ability to live as people of the covenant. When we forget the Sabbath we forget who we are, and the whole cosmos suffers. This is reflected in such rabbinical sayings as: “More than Israel kept the Sabbath, the Sabbath has kept Israel.” “The perfect Sabbath rest is the attuning of the heart to the comprehension of God.”
Jurgen Moltmann sums up the centrality of Sabbath, “The goal and completion of every Jewish and Christian doctrine of creation must be the doctrine of the Sabbath; for on the Sabbath and through the Sabbath God ‘completed’ his creation, and on the Sabbath and through it, men and women perceive as God’s creation the reality in which they live and which they themselves are.”
Everything depends on human beings embracing these two essential Sabbath truths: God paused for breath and so should we, because when we do, we remember who we are. When Sabbath is embraced as a core practice in our lives we can face the future as faithful and responsible stewards of creation and participants in God’s plan to complete what God began in creation.